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The treble clef definition indicates that the second line from the bottom of the staff is a G the bass clef definition indicates that the fourth line from the bottom of the staff is an F. By specifying the clef's and its, MusicXML handles both the common treble and bass clefs along with tenor, alto, percussion, tab, and older clefs. The clef element is used to indicate the clef for the staff. If it is not present, as is the case in the voice part, there is 1 staff for the part. The element indicates the number of staves in a musical part, which in this case is 2 staves for the piano part. We will discuss the appearance elements used in these two examples in the rest of this section. Here is what the beginning of the voice part looks like for "Après un rêve," up to the end of the first measure:Īnd here is what the beginning of the piano part looks like for "Après un rêve," up to the first chord in the piano part. Now we discuss the elements for musical appearance, which are of great use to music notation applications. We discussed the sound elements in the previous section, and they are of great use to applications dealing with MIDI or other sound files. How is the beaming represented, so that all the eighth notes are beamed together in the piano part, but separated into triplets in the voice part? How are the piano chords split between staves? How are accidentals indicated, including courtesy accidentals like the A-flat in the fourth bar?Ī fundamental part of MusicXML is the distinction between elements that primarily represent the sound of the music versus those that represent its appearance.
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Where are the tempo and dynamic markings: the Andantino, pp, dolce, crescendo and diminuendo wedges? Where are stem directions stored? The downstem on the initial G in the voice part is not what many programs would default to. Let us look again at the example we used in the previous section - the first four bars of "Après un rêve" by Gabriel Fauré:Ĭlearly our discussion of the MIDI-compatible portion of MusicXML left out many things represented in this music. In this section we describe the main elements used to represent music notation that go far beyond what is represented in MIDI files. MusicXML represents this information, making it much more useful than MIDI for interchange between notation programs. MIDI represents musical performance information, but leaves out a great deal of information about music notation.